Normative Foundations of Human Rights Obligations in International Legal Discourse
Kata Kunci:
International Law, Human Rights, Human Dignity, State Responsibility, Legal LegitimacyAbstrak
Human rights obligations constitute a fundamental component of contemporary international law, yet their normative foundations remain the subject of ongoing theoretical and legal debate. This study aims to examine the normative foundations of human rights obligations in international legal discourse and to develop an integrated understanding of the relationship between moral principles, legal authority, and state responsibility. The study employed a qualitative research design using a Library Research approach. Data were collected from scholarly journal articles, academic books, international legal instruments, and other reputable academic sources addressing human rights, legal theory, and international law. The collected literature was analyzed through Thematic Analysis to identify recurring concepts, theoretical perspectives, and normative patterns. The findings reveal that human dignity functions as the primary source of normative legitimacy, while international legal frameworks provide the legal authority that transforms moral claims into binding obligations. The study further identifies state responsibility, particularly through the respect–protect–fulfil framework, as the principal mechanism for implementing human rights obligations. In addition, contemporary developments in global governance demonstrate the expanding relevance of human rights obligations beyond traditional state-centered contexts. The study concludes that human rights obligations are best understood as a multidimensional normative structure emerging from the interaction between moral principles, legal norms, and institutional mechanisms. This study contributes to the literature by offering an integrated analytical framework for understanding the foundations and evolution of human rights obligations within contemporary international legal discourse.
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